Near‐term impacts of elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, nitrogen and fungal endophyte‐infection on <i>Lolium perenne</i> L. growth, chemical composition and alkaloid production
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Carbon dioxide has been rapidly accumulating in the atmosphere and is expected to continue to do so. This accumulation is presumed to have important direct effects on plant growth. The interacting affects of a small increase in CO 2 concentration (466 p.p.m., approximately 30% increase from current ambient conditions), nitrogen fertilization and fungal endophyte ( Neotyphodium lolii ) infection on the growth and chemical composition of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) were investigated. It was found that dry mass production was approximately 50% greater under elevated CO 2 than under ambient CO 2 , but only in conditions of high soil N. High molecular weight carbohydrates and total carbohydrates (LMW + HMW CHO) depended on an interaction between CO 2 and endophyte infection. Infected plants contained significantly more carbohydrate than endophyte‐free plants, and the difference was greatest in ambient CO 2 conditions. Protein concentrations were also influenced by the interaction between CO 2 and endophyte‐infection. Endophyte‐free plants had 40% lower concentrations of soluble protein under elevated CO 2 than under ambient CO 2 , but this CO 2 effect on soluble protein was largely absent in endophyte‐infected plants. CO 2 , endophyte‐infection and nitrogen interacted to influence the total chlorophyll concentration of the grass such that chlorophyll concentration was always lower in elevated CO 2 but this decline was much greater in endophyte‐free plants, particularly in conditions of high soil N. In the endophyte‐infected plants, the concentrations of the pyrrolopyrazine alkaloid peramine depended on the interaction between CO 2 and N fertilization such that peramine concentrations declined with increasing N at ambient CO 2 but remained roughly constant across N levels at elevated CO 2 . A similar pattern was seen for the ergot alkaloid ergovaline. The biochemical responses of perennial ryegrass to elevated CO 2 are clearly modified by the presence of endophytic fungi.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it