Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fibre reinforcement increases the toughness of plain concrete under static compressive loading. The compressive toughness of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) under impact loading has not, however, previously been investigated. The current paper reviews the behaviour of high-strength fibre-reinforced concrete under uniaxial compressive impact loading. An instrumented drop weight impact machine was used to carry out compressive impact tests on various FRC systems with compressive strengths ranging from about 60 MPa to 120 MPa. The deformations of the FRC cylinders were determined using a high-speed video camera system. As expected, the compressive strength was found to increase with increasing drop height (or impact velocity). The dynamic compressive toughness was also found to increase with increasing drop height and with increasing matrix strength. It was observed that the mode of failure of the FRC was dependent upon the properties of the matrix and of the fibres, as well as on the drop height. Thus, the dynamic compressive toughness of FRC appeared to be dependent on the constitutive behaviour of the matrix, the fibre type and volume, the impact velocity and the mode of failure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".