Bed occupancy measurements using under mattress pressure sensors for long term monitoring of community-dwelling older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a growing demand for systems that support independent living into advanced age. Technologies that monitor changes in the amount of time older adults spend in bed have the potential to detect critical changes in mobility and support earlier health intervention. Although under mattress sensors have been used previously, processing algorithms were designed for short term monitoring. The objective of this paper was to develop an algorithm and determine optimal sampling rate to obtain bed occupancy characteristics over the longer term. Under mattress sensors were installed in the home of an older adult and data collected over a 3 month period. A processing algorithm was developed to extract bed occupancy information including time in bed, number of bed exits and time of first morning exit. Data were compared using various sampling rates and processing times. Findings indicate that the ideal down sample time for the application was 5 seconds (0.2Hz) and that computational time requirements could be reduced significantly without sacrificing the ability to accurately measure bed occupancy. Features of bed occupancy were plotted and patterns discovered which may be of interest to health clinicians and sleep researchers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".