ANALYSIS OF PORE-LEVEL PHENOMENA OF DILUTE SURFACTANT FLOODING IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF CONNATEWATER SATURATION
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There has been no fundamental work in the literature accentuating microscale behavior of different present phases in an oil reservoir and injected aqueous surfactant solutions and their mutual interactions both in the presence and absence of connate water saturation in dilute surfactant flooding. In this work, a glass micromodel was used to provide new insight into the fundamental issues associated with microscale interactions of oil and aqueous surfactant solutions with connate water. Surfactant flooding tests were conducted both in the presence and absence of connate water to better highlight the influence of connate water on microscopic phenomena as well as macroscopic behavior and performance of the surfactant flooding. This fundamental study revealed that the presence of connate water can decrease the active or working surfactant concentration and significantly modify the local and global microscopic displacement efficiencies, oil recovery efficiencies, and dominancy of the promoted surfactant solution imbibition in determining the oil recovery efficiency. The presence of connate water can also affect the extent of contribution of produced oil-in-surfactant solution emulsions to the improved oil recovery (especially after surfactant solution breakthrough) during the displacement of oil by aqueous surfactant solution in the porous medium. These phenomena occurred mainly due to the inalienable dilution of the surfactant solution by the connate water and possible promoted mass transfer between the mobilized connate water and surfactant solution, which could decrease the active or working surfactant concentration within the surfactant solution.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it