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Record W2092960061 · doi:10.1080/01457632.2013.825191

Fouling of a Heated Rod in a Stirred Tank System

2013· article· en· W2092960061 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueHeat Transfer Engineering · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldChemistry
TopicPetroleum Processing and Analysis
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British Columbia
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFoulingMaterials scienceHeat transferDeposition (geology)Shear stressComposite materialHeat transfer coefficientParticle (ecology)MechanicsChemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A batch stirred tank device has been developed for measuring fouling from oil samples. The unit consists of a baffled tank equipped with a centrally mounted long blade stirrer, and an electrically heated rod located at 40% of the radius of the tank. Heat transfer from the rod was first characterized. The velocity field was measured, from which the approach velocity to the probe was determined, which allowed the wall shear on the heating probe to be calculated from a literature equation. Fouling of a heavy oil fraction was studied in 1- to 2-day experiments with bulk oil temperatures typically at 320°C, initial probe surface temperatures to 536°C, and stirrer speeds of 100–900 rpm. Micrometer-sized iron oxide particles were added to the oil, such that fouling was due to a combination of particle deposition and coke formation. Deposition rates were measured thermally from the change in heat transfer coefficient when fouling was relatively heavy, and by thickness and mass accumulation when fouling was light. Effects of oil type, film temperature, stirrer rotation speed (or probe wall shear stress), and concentration of suspended particles on deposition rate and deposit composition are presented.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.478
Threshold uncertainty score0.601

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.183
Teacher spread0.177 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it