Ethnicity and Women's Courtesy Titles: A Preliminary Report
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractAlthough numerous studies have been conducted on attitudes toward Ms. and patterns of Ms.-use since its popularization in the 1970s, few of these studies have examined ethnicity as a variable in its use. The present paper reports on a new online survey of women's courtesy titles and surname choices, focusing on the ethnicity of respondents as a predictor of their likelihood of addressing a woman with Ms. As the data include residents of both Canada and the United States, the label 'Black' is used rather than 'African American', and 'White' is then used in place of 'Caucasian', in order to have parallel ethnic labels. Preliminary results suggest a difference between Whites and Blacks in terms of likelihood of using Ms., with Blacks tending to prefer the more traditional titles Miss and Mrs. at a higher rate than Whites. However, because of uneven cell sizes and the under-representation of some ethnic groups, statistical results must be treated with caution until further data are available.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it