Predicting the Leakage Exponents of Elastically Deforming Cracks in Pipes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between the conventional power equation and the FAVAD (Fixed and Variable Discharges) equation for modelling leakage as a function of pressure is investigated. It is shown that different leakage exponent (or N1) values are obtained for the same leak when measured at different pressures. Analytical exploration of the two equations shows that N1 tends to 0.5 when the system pressure tends to zero and 1.5 when the system pressure tends to infinity. A new term called the dimensionless leakage number, NL, is defined as the ratio between the variable and fixed portions of a leak, and it is shown that a single function can be used to describe the relationship between NL and N1. This relationship is combined with previous work to predict the head-area slope for cracks in pipes to predict the leakage exponent for a range of crack widths and lengths in different pipe materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".