Extracellular virulence factors of streptococci associated with animal diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A virulence factor denotes a bacterial product or strategy that contributes to virulence or pathogenicity. Streptococci produce a variety of protein toxins and enzymes that are capable of killing host cells and breaking down cell constituents, presumably to provide nutrients for the bacteria or to promote their spread. Some of these secreted products are hemolysins, streptokinases, hyaluronidases, exotoxins and proteases. In some cases, they play an important role in resistance to the host immune system, acting alone or in combination with cell-associated virulence factors (such as the capsule and surface proteins). Thus, the virulence of streptococci is considered as a multifactorial process. In contrast to well known human pathogens, and in spite of their veterinary importance, knowledge of virulence factors of most animal disease-associated streptococci is limited or almost inexistent. In the present article, the available information regarding the extracellular virulence factors of the most important animal disease-related streptococci is reviewed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".