A <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>-Enhanced 3.6 GHz, Tunable, Sixth-Order Bandpass Filter Using 0.18 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math>m CMOS
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental filter was designed to operate at 3.6 GHz using mainstream 0.18 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math>m CMOS. In the design, the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>-enhancement technique was used to overcome the low-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math> characteristics of the CMOS on-chip inductors. A sixth-order bandpass filter with a wide passband and a high image rejection was built by cascading three stages of second-order <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>-enhanced filters. A combination of three biquads with offset in center frequency provides wider tuning frequency and bandwidth. This high-performance filter provides a 340 MHz tunable center frequency around 3.6 GHz, an image rejection of 50 dB and a tunable <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math> from 25 to 50 for a bandwidth adjustment from 95 MHz to 35 MHz. The filter achieves an 18 dB voltage gain while consuming 130 mW of power at 1.8 V DC supply. The chip occupies an area of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>900</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>900</mml:mn><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mtext>m</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> including all the required bonding pads. The design provides a simple architecture to simplify tuning scheme for both frequency and bandwidth for practical use. The tunable ability of the design could be exploited in further study to be used as a channel-select filter in the gigahertz range.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it