Changes in IK,ACh single-channel activity with atrial tachycardia remodelling in canine atrial cardiomyocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Although atrial tachycardia (AT) remodelling promotes agonist-independent, constitutively active, acetylcholine-regulated K+-current (I K,ACh) that increases susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF), the underlying changes in I K,Ach channel function are unknown. This study aimed to establish how AT remodelling affects I K,ACh single-channel function. METHODS AND RESULTS: I K,ACh single-channel activity was studied via cell-attached patch-clamp in isolated left atrial cardiomyocytes of control and AT (7 days, 400 min(-1)) dogs. Atrial tachycardia prolonged the mean duration of induced AF from 44 +/- 22 to 413 +/- 167 s, and reduced atrial effective refractory period at a 360 ms cycle length from 126 +/- 3 to 74 +/- 5 ms (n = 9/group, P < 0.001). In the absence of cholinergic stimulation, single-channel openings with typical I K,ACh conductance and rectification properties were sparse under control conditions. Atrial tachycardia induced prominent agonist-independent I K,ACh activity because of increased opening frequency (fo) and open probability (Po: approximately seven- and 10-fold, respectively, vs. control), but did not alter open time-constant, single-channel conductance, and membrane density. With maximum I K,ACh activation (10 micromol/L carbachol), channel Po was enhanced much more in control cells ( approximately 42-fold) than in AT-remodelled myocytes (approximately five-fold). The selective Kir3 current blocker tertiapin-Q (100 nmol/L) reduced fo and Po at -100 mV by 48 and 51%, respectively (P < 0.05 for each), without altering other channel properties, confirming the identity of I K,ACh. Atrial tachycardia had no significant effect on mRNA or protein expression of either of the subunits (Kir3.1, Kir3.4) underlying I K,ACh. CONCLUSION: Atrial tachycardia increases agonist-independent constitutive I K,ACh single-channel activity by enhancing spontaneous channel opening, providing a molecular basis for AT effects on macroscopic I K,ACh observed in previous studies, as well as associated refractoriness abbreviation and tertiapin-suppressible AF promotion. These results suggest an important role for constitutive I K,Ach channel opening in AT remodelling and support its interest as a potential target for AF therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".