Blood Pressure Responses to Acute and Chronic Exercise Are Related in Prehypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Aerobic exercise is recommended as a way to prevent hypertension. However, about 25% of individuals receive minimal antihypertensive benefits associated with chronic exercise training. Thus, we attempt to identify those "nonresponders" to chronic exercise on the basis of their blood pressure (BP) responses to acute exercise (single session). Our primary objective was to correlate the magnitude of BP decrease after acute exercise to the magnitude of BP reduction after chronic exercise. Our secondary objective was to examine the correlates of BP reduction after acute and chronic exercise. METHODS: Seventeen prehypertensive (120 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg) males and females (45-60 yr old) underwent acute exercise assessments before an 8-wk walking/jogging program (four times per week, 30 min per session, 65% maximum oxygen consumption). BP, hemodynamics, HR variability, and baroreflex sensitivity were assessed before and after acute exercise and chronic training. RESULTS: BP was significantly reduced -7.2 ± 1.2/-4.2 ± 1.0 and -7.0 ± 1.4/-5.2 ± 1.2 mm Hg relative to baseline after acute (30 min at 65% maximum oxygen consumption) and chronic exercise, respectively (P < 0.01). The magnitude of change in systolic BP after acute exercise was strongly correlated with change in resting systolic BP after chronic training, r = 0.89, P < 0.01. A similar correlation was observed with diastolic BP, r = 0.75, P < 0.01. After acute exercise, significant reductions in total power (ms(2)) and baroreflex sensitivity were observed in both sexes (P < 0.01). However, after chronic exercise, only men demonstrated a significant reduction in the low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio (-36%), P < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of the acute BP-lowering with exercise may predict the extent of BP lowering after chronic training interventions in prehypertensive individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".