Immediate Loading in the Maxilla Using Flapless Surgery, Implants Placed in Predetermined Positions, and Prefabricated Provisional Restorations: A Retrospective 3‐Year Clinical Study
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immediate loading of dental implants shortens the treatment time and makes it possible to give the patient an esthetic appearance during the whole treatment period. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate an immediate-loading treatment protocol, which included flapless surgery, implants placed in predetermined positions and connected to prefabricated provisional restorations, and the 3-year clinical results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 97 Brånemark System Mk IV implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) with a machined surface were inserted in the maxillas of 46 patients. A presurgical three-dimensional model of the patients' soft tissue and underlying alveolar bone anatomy was created, which allowed the clinician to place the implants in predetermined positions and connect them to prefabricated provisional restorations. A surgical template with drilling guides corresponding to each implant was used. The apical part of the master guide was equipped with a circular "mucotome," which punched out a 5 mm hole in the mucosa to eliminate the need for flap elevation. The patients received 25 fixed partial prostheses and 27 single-tooth restorations. Bone quality and quantity were assessed. Radiographic examinations were performed on the day of surgery/loading and at the 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up visits. RESULTS: All implant sites showed intact buccal and lingual bone walls during surgery, confirming the accuracy of the bone-mapping procedure. The prefabricated temporary restorations fitted, meaning that the implants were positioned clinically in the same way as on the cast. Nine implants in eight patients failed during the first 8 weeks of loading. This resulted in a cumulative survival rate of 91% after 3 years of prosthetic load. The survival rate of splinted implants was 94%. The number of failed implants was significantly higher in cases of single-tooth replacements and placement in soft bone sites and smokers. The failed implants were successfully replaced according to a two-stage protocol. All patients finally received the expected restoration. The marginal bone resorption was on average 1.0 mm during the first year of loading, 0.4 mm during the second year, and 0.1 mm during the third year. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed the feasibility of an immediate-loading treatment protocol in the maxilla, which included flapless surgery, implants and abutments placed in predetermined positions, and prefabricated provisional restorations. All failures occurred within the first 2 months of loading. The unchanged survival rate and the low average bone loss found during the following 34-month study period indicate a good long-term prognosis for the performed immediate-loading treatment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it