Managing soilborne diseases of vegetable crops with a pre-plant soil or substrate amendment of a corn distillation product
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The efficacy of condensed distiller's solubles (CDS), a co-product of ethanol production from corn, rich in organic matter, and high in carbon to nitrogen ratio, was tested as a pre-plant amendment against Verticillium wilt of eggplant and potato scab in potato soils from commercial fields and against damping-off diseases of radish and cucumber seedlings in a peat-based mix and muck soil. Eggplants grown in a potato soil amended with CDS (1% mass/mass) showed less Verticillium wilt and increased fresh (37–54%) and dry (31–45%) plant biomass compared to the control in the greenhouse. In a potato soil with medium levels of disease, CDS (1 or 2%) increased the percentage of marketable tubers by 116% under greenhouse, 119% under micro-plot and 75% under field conditions. In the growth room, CDS (1, 2, and 4%) amendment to a peat-based mix infested with Rhizoctonia solani 1 week before planting seeds improved the percentage of healthy radish seedlings (22–72% healthy seedlings compared to 2% in the control). Levels of disease suppression increased with the incubation time prior to planting. Disease control effect of CDS was not consistent between different batches of peat-based mix. In a non-suppressive batch of peat-based mix, disease suppression by CDS was enhanced by a bio-control agent, Trichoderma hamatum 382. In muck soil from a commercial field naturally-infested with Pythium spp., CDS (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) provided protection of cucumber seedlings from damping-off immediately after incorporation, but the maximum protection was seen after 1 week with all three rates. The number of total bacteria was enhanced in the CDS-amended muck soil. In the micro-plots, CDS (0.5 and 1%) as an amendment to muck soil 2 weeks before planting improved the percentage of healthy cucumber seedlings and fresh plant weight compared to the control. CDS is not toxic to the pathogens and disease suppression is believed to be due to biological activity stimulated by CDS in the substrate.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it