Adequacy criteria and methods for wind power transmission planning
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The (n-1) reliability criterion is the mostly widely used adequacy criterion in conventional transmission system planning. The rapid growth of wind power, and the need to deliver this intermittent source of power from a location with rich wind resources to the power grid has created new challenges to determine adequate and economic transmission facility. This paper presents a probabilistic method to illustrate that the (n-1) criterion is not suitable for wind power transmission planning. However, probabilistic techniques that require complex statistical tools and considerable amounts of data are not readily applied in practice. This paper presents a simplified wind speed model that can generate wind speed probability distributions for wind farm sites if their annual mean wind speed and standard deviation values are known. The developed wind speed model can be combined with the wind turbine generator characteristics to obtain a wind farm generation model that can be further modified to incorporate the effect of the transmission line on wind power delivery. The results of adequacy studies on test systems are presented. The presented methods and discussions should be useful to power system planners and policy makers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it