Spatial incongruence among hotspots and complementary areas of tree diversity in southern <scp>A</scp>frica
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aim Biodiversity hotspots have important roles in conservation prioritisation, but efficient methods for selecting among them remain debated. Location Southern A frica. Methods In this study, we used data on the dated phylogeny and geographical distribution of 1400 tree species in southern A frica to map regional hotspots of species richness ( SR ), phylogenetic diversity ( PD ), phylogenetic endemism ( PE ), species endemism ( CWE ), and evolutionary distinctiveness and global endangerment ( EDGE ). In addition, we evaluated the efficiency of hotspots in capturing complementary areas of species richness and phylogenetic diversity. We examined the spatial overlap among hotspots for each metric, and review how well one metric may serve as a surrogate for others. We then evaluated the effectiveness of current conservation areas in capturing these different facets of diversity and complementary areas. Lastly, we explored the environmental factors influencing the distribution of these diversity metrics in southern A frica. Results We reveal large spatial incongruence between biodiversity indices, resulting in unequal representation of PD , SR , PE , CWE and EDGE in hotspots and currently protected areas. Notably, no hotspot area is shared among all five measures, and 69% of hotspot areas were unique to a single diversity metric. Areas selected using complementarity are even more dispersed, but capture rare diversity that is overlooked by the hotspot approach. Main conclusions An integrative approach that considers multiple facets of biodiversity is needed if we are to maximise the conservation of tree diversity in southern A frica.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it