Service Life of HDPE Geomembranes Subjected to Elevated Temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subtitle D landfills may experience elevated temperatures for a variety of reasons such as hydration of combustion ash, waste biodegradation with and without leachate recirculation, aluminum production waste and combustion ash reactions, and wastes received with elevated temperature. Elevated temperatures can reduce service life or effectiveness of high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes by accelerating antioxidant depletion of geomembranes and polymer degradation. A case history is presented to illustrate the potential effects of elevated temperatures and time-temperature history on a HDPE geomembrane and the associated reduction in service life or effectiveness. The geomembrane service life was influenced by the peak temperature, e.g., 60–80°C, the duration of peak temperatures (time-temperature history), and the time to complete antioxidant depletion. This paper also discusses possible criteria for assessing the service life of geomembranes, such as applicable engineering properties, locations for service life assessments, definitions of geomembrane service life, and measures that could be adopted if service life were reduced significantly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".