Association Between Obesity and Eczema Prevalence, Severity and Poorer Health in US Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Identification of modifiable risk factors for the development of eczema is of major public health significance. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of obesity in adolescence on the prevalence, severity, and quality of life of patients with eczema. METHODS: We used the 2007-2008 National Survey of Children's Health, including a nationally representative sample of 45,897 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years. Caregiver report of eczema, health status, height, weight, number of health conditions, use of health services, and sociodemographics were assessed. RESULTS: The prevalences of overweight (20.3% vs 15.4%) and obesity (16.8% vs 15.4%) were increased in adolescents with eczema compared with adolescents without eczema (Rao-Scott χ, P < 0.0001). A body mass index for-age-percentile (BMIP) of 50 to 94 (logistic regression, odds ratio [OR], 1.61 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32-1.97]) and greater than or equal to 95 (1.46 [1.15-1.86]) was associated with higher odds of eczema compared with 5% to 49%. Moderate to severe eczema was higher with BMIP of 50 to 94 (41.2%; OR, 2.46 [95% CI, 1.73-3.51]) and greater than or equal to 95 (45.7%; 2.95 [1.73-3.51]) compared with 5 to 49 (22.2%). There was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and BMIP in multivariate regression models of eczema severity, such that BMIP remained significant in Hispanics (OR, 3.24 [95% CI, 1.56-6.71]), non-Hispanic whites (3.64 [1.93-6.84]), Asians (57.17 [4.02-813.10]), Pacific Islanders/Alaskan Natives (90,336.3 [11,963.80-682,111.0]), and multiracial/other (3.99 [1.23-12.98]) but not in non-Hispanic blacks (1.88 [0.91-3.91]) and American Indians (2.12 [0.11-42.33]). Obese adolescents with eczema had higher odds of having only good (OR, 2.67 [95% CI, 1.56-4.56]) or fair (2.60 [1.35-5.03]) health compared with excellent overall health, had higher number of chronic health conditions (34.6% vs 18.0% with ≥2 conditions; P ≤ 0.003), and used more health services than most children of the same age compared with nonobese children (31.2% vs 21.5%; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity in adolescence is associated with increased eczema prevalence and severity, poorer overall health, and increased chronic health conditions and health care utilization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".