Interference colorimetry of starch granules
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Starch granules viewed under a polarizing microscope may exhibit vivid interference colors – how can they be measured? A tilting compensator was used to generate interference colors, they were measured by spectrophotometry (400–700 nm at 10 nm intervals), and the weighted ordinate method was used to calculate chromaticity coordinates. There was a reasonable correspondence between the subjective terms used to describe interference colors, and those used for the CIE diagram. Three different charts of interference colors were measured by fiber‐optics – only one was close to the interference colors of the tilting compensator ( r = 0.805 for CIE x , and r = 0.874 for CIE y , both P < 0.005). The spectra of various interference colors were like sine waves, whereas the matching spectra from charts were irregular with occasional peaks or dips. Thus, radically different spectra shared very similar chromaticity coordinates. As anticipated from first principles, the diameter of starch granules had a strong effect on their chromaticity coordinates (from r = 0.78 to r = 0.87, all P < 0.001). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 352–357, 2016
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it