Gender and the Devolution of Pension Risks in the US
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article uses data from multiple waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine inequality in the accumulation of pension balances in private accounts for two cohorts of workers in the US. The new occupational pension environment is characterized by the rise of defined contribution plans and the devolution of risk and responsibility for retirement saving. While men and women in this environment face new pension risks, women continue to bear greater risks associated with lower workplace earnings and family position. Unmarried women consistently have the greatest risk of low pension balances in defined contribution plans (DC) and individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Divorce, unstable employment histories and lower levels of education and income decrease pension savings. The authors conclude that although recent changes have increased women’s access to occupational pensions, these changes have preserved, and perhaps increased, familiar disadvantages associated with gender, marital status and labor market position.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it