USING ISOTOPIC VARIANCE TO DETECT LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL AND PHILOPATRY IN BIRDS: AN EXAMPLE WITH OVENBIRDS AND AMERICAN REDSTARTS
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding movements of individual birds between breeding sites (breeding dispersal) or between natal sites and the site of first breeding (natal dispersal) is crucial to the modeling of population dynamics. Unfortunately, these aspects of demography are poorly understood for avian species in general, and for migratory songbirds in particular. This is because it is often impossible to sample broadly enough to relocate marked birds that have moved. We used stable-hydrogen (δD) and carbon (δ13C) isotope analyses of the feathers of 139 American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) and 193 Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) to evaluate evidence for individuals molting feathers at locations other than their breeding sites from the previous year. We sampled outer rectrices from breeding populations at three extensive boreal forest sites (Prince Albert National Park and Duck Mountain, Saskatchewan, and Lac La Biche, Alberta) and at three isolated forest tracts (Cypress Hills, and Moose Mountain, Saskatchewan, and Turtle Mountain, Manitoba) in western Canada. Based on outlier analysis of δD measurements, we found evidence for long-distance dispersal ranging from 0–29% of individuals. For both species, second-year birds had higher variance in δD values suggesting they had a higher probability of originating from elsewhere compared to after-second-year birds. Utilización de la Variación Isotópica para Detectar Dispersión de Larga Distancia y Filopatría en las Aves: Un ejemplo con Seiurus aurocapillus y Setophaga ruticilla Resumen. Entender los movimientos de aves individuales entre sitios de cría (dispersión reproductiva) o entre el sitio de nacimiento y el sitio del primer evento reproductivo (dispersión natal) es crucial para modelar la dinámica de poblaciones. Desafortunadamente, estos aspectos demográficos están poco entendidos para las especies de aves en general y para las aves canoras migratorias en particular. Esto se debe a que es usualmente imposible realizar muestreos lo suficientemente amplios como para relocalizar a las aves marcadas que se desplazaron. Usamos análisis de isótopos estables de hidrógeno (δD) y carbono (δ13C) de las plumas de 139 individuos de Setophaga ruticilla y de 193 individuos de Seiurus aurocapillus para evaluar la presencia de individuos que han mudado sus plumas en localidades distintas a las de sus sitios reproductivos del año anterior. Muestreamos las rectrices externas en poblaciones reproductivas de tres sitios extensos de bosque boreal (Parque Nacional Prince Albert y Duck Mountain, Saskatchewan, y Lago La Biche, Alberta) y de tres parches de bosque aislados (Cypress Hills y Moose Mountain, Saskatchewan, y Turtle Mountain, Manitoba) en el oeste de Canadá. Basados en análisis de datos extremos (outliers) de medidas de δD, encontramos evidencia de dispersión de larga distancia que comprendió entre el 0–29% de los individuos. Para ambas especies, las aves del segundo año de vida presentaron mayor varianza en los valores de δD, sugiriendo que poseen una mayor probabilidad de haberse originado en algún otro lugar comparado con aves de más de dos años de vida.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it