Apparent recent trends in hydrologic response in permafrost regions of northwest Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Yukon air temperature trends have been observed to change over the last several decades with an increase in both summer and winter air temperatures. An assessment of streamflow response was carried out to determine if there are apparent trends in permafrost regions as a result of the observed temperature changes. Degrading permafrost places a greater reliance on the interaction between surface and subsurface processes. Annual mean, maximum and minimum flows were assessed using the Mann–Kendall test to statistically validate observed trends. Annual mean flows are observed to have slight positive trends over the last three decades within continuous and discontinuous permafrost zones, with variable results within sporadic permafrost regions. These results are generally in keeping with similar trends in annual precipitation, which has increased slightly. Though not generally statistically significant, annual peak flows have largely decreased within continuous permafrost regions, and lesser so within discontinuous regions. Results are variable within sporadic permafrost zones. These trends are likely associated with increased annual precipitation; however, it is conceivable that there may be increased infiltration amounts as a result of degrading permafrost. Winter low flows have experienced significant apparent changes over the last three decades. The greatest changes in winter low flows appear to be occurring within the continuous permafrost zone, where flows from the majority of sampled streams have increased. Winter low flows trends in streams within the discontinuous permafrost zone generally exhibit positive significant trends, but are more variable. Winter streamflow trends within the sporadic permafrost zone are not consistent.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".