The pivotal role of heart rate in clinical practice: from atherosclerosis to acute coronary syndrome
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heart rate is a predictor of major cardiovascular events in both the general population and patients with various cardiovascular diseases. The association between resting heart rate and mortality has been observed in patients with hypertension and with metabolic syndrome and in the elderly. The prognostic value of heart rate has also been shown in patients with stable coronary heart disease. We assessed the relationship between resting heart rate at baseline and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, while adjusting for risk factors. A total of 24 913 patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry were studied for a median follow-up of close to 15 years. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular re-hospitalizations were increased with increasing heart rate (P < 0.0001). When compared with the reference group, patients with resting heart rate ≥83 bpm at baseline had a significantly higher risk for total mortality [hazard ratio 1.32; confidence interval (CI) 1.19–1.47; P < 0.0001] and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 1.31; CI 1.15–1.48; P < 0.0001) after adjustment for multiple clinical variables. When comparing patients with heart rates between 77–82 and ≥83 bpm with patients with a heart rate ≤62 bpm, the hazard ratios for time to first cardiovascular re-hospitalization were 1.11 and 1.14 (P < 0.001 for both). Resting heart rate has also been shown to be associated with the severity and rate of progression of coronary atherosclerosis and to be an independent predictor of plaque rupture in coronary arteries. Resting heart rate is a simple measurement with prognostic implications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it