Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Chang TMS (Artificial Cells & Organs Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada). Future generations of red blood cell substitutes (Minisymposium). J Intern Med 2003; 253: 527–535. Polyhaemoglobins (PolyHb) and perfluorochemicals are in advanced phase III clinical trials and conjugated haemoglobins in phase II clinical trial. New recombinant human haemoglobin with no vasoactivity is being developed. A soluble macromolecule of PolyHb–catalase–superoxide dismutase is being studied as an oxygen carrier with antioxidant properties. New artificial red blood cells that are more like RBC are being developed. One is based on haemoglobin lipid vesicles. A more recent one is based on nano‐dimension artificial red blood cells containing haemoglobin and RBC enzymes with membrane formed from composite copolymer of polyethylene glycol–polylactic acid. Their circulation time is double that of PolyHb.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".