History of the World Leisure Organization: a 50-year perspective and analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For more than 50 years, the World Leisure Organization (WLO) has engaged in providing technical support, advocacy and research activities to promote recreation and leisure on a worldwide basis. The purpose of this historical review is to provide a 50-year perspective and analysis of the activities of the WLO. The historical inquiry has been framed around seven (7) research questions focusing on: factors leading to its establishment; leadership; major policy statements; programmes, services and events; sources of financial support; and major publications. Initiated as an offshoot of the National Recreation Association in the USA, the organization was supported by its parent organization and the philanthropic generosity of industrialists and others. Located in New York City, New York (USA), the organization had close ties to the United Nations (UN) and its programmes during its formative years. Subsequently, changes in leadership required a relocation of the World Leisure Secretariat to the location of the Secretary General. Over time, the Secretariat has been moved to Canada and is now again located in the USA. Major global events of the WLO include the World Leisure Congress, World Leisure EXPO and the World Leisure Games. Other programmes of note which have been developed and continue to this day include World Leisure Centers of Excellence, World Leisure Commissions, World Leisure Chapters, World Leisure Academy and the World Leisure Honors and Awards programme.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".