The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.263 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the >100 times smaller genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in the gymnosperm lineage. Instead, the large genome size seems to result from the slow and steady accumulation of a diverse set of long-terminal repeat transposable elements, possibly owing to the lack of an efficient elimination mechanism. Comparative sequencing of Pinus sylvestris, Abies sibirica, Juniperus communis, Taxus baccata and Gnetum gnemon reveals that the transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. Expression of 24-nucleotide small RNAs, previously implicated in transposable element silencing, is tissue-specific and much lower than in other plants. We further identify numerous long (>10,000 base pairs) introns, gene-like fragments, uncharacterized long non-coding RNAs and short RNAs. This opens up new genomic avenues for conifer forestry and breeding. The draft genome of the Norway spruce (P. abies) is presented; this is the first gymnosperm genome to be sequenced and reveals a large genome size (20 Gb) resulting from the accumulation of transposable elements, and comparative sequencing of five other gymnosperm genomes provides insights into conifer genome evolution. The first draft gymnosperm genome, that of a Norway spruce (Picea abies), is published this week by the Spruce Genome Project consortium. The genome is from a tree originally collected in 1959 in eastern Jämtland, central Sweden. At 20 gigabases, the genome is more than a hundred times larger than that of the model plant species Arabidopsis, but the two contain a similar number of genes. The large genome size is the result of an accumulation of transposable elements. Comparative sequencing of five further gymnosperm genomes suggests that transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. The sequence data are available for public access from the ConGenIE website ( http://congenie.org/ ).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Nature
- Topic
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Field
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
- Canadian institutions
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences CentreUniversité LavalUniversity of British Columbia
- Funders
- Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational ScienceScience for Life LaboratorySvenska Forskningsrådet FormasStiftelsen för Strategisk ForskningVINNOVASkogforskKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseGenome British ColumbiaVetenskapsrådetGovernment of CanadaGenome Canada
- Keywords
- GymnospermBiologyGenomeTransposable elementGenome sizePicea abiesPlant evolutionGeneGeneticsEvolutionary biologyBotany
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes