No-load losses in transformer under overexcitation/inrush-current conditions: tests and a new model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tests were conducted on several transformers rated at 100 kVA or less and on a power transformer rated 370 MVA in an effort to characterize the no-load losses and magnetizing resistance for transformers subjected to overexcitation and inrush current. Analysis of the results revealed that the magnetizing resistance changes as a function of the peak magnetization flux or the amplitude of the magnetic field. A new model of the instantaneous magnetizing resistance (IMR) as a function of the instantaneous flux has been developed and its dynamic use in the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) allows the form of the hysteresis cycle and the mean losses in overexcitation to be reproduced with a high degree of accuracy. The same model also accounts for losses due to the harmonics superimposed on the fundamental. The results showed that the IMR calculated under inrush current conditions is higher than that in overexcitation conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".