Effects of leaf surface and temperature on monocyclic processes in<i>Podosphaera aphanis</i>, causing powdery mildew of strawberry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Powdery mildew of strawberry, caused by Podosphaera aphanis, is an important constraint to production in tunnels and greenhouses. A better knowledge of the effect of environment on the disease is needed to design efficient management methods. In diseases such as strawberry powdery mildew, the very notion of lesion is difficult to grasp, and progress in disease management has been slow because observations pertaining to the monocyclic processes are difficult and time consuming. Experiments under controlled conditions were conducted to measure the effects of leaf surface (abaxial or adaxial) and air temperature on the different monocyclic processes of the disease. The fraction of germinated spores on the lower (abaxial) leaf surface (0.51–0.84) was 10%-20% larger than on the upper (adaxial) leaf surface. Infection efficiency was 10 times lower on the upper than on the lower leaf surface. Temperature strongly influenced all monocyclic processes considered: spore germination, infection efficiency, latent period, colony size, and colony sporulation. The optimum temperature was 22 °C, and no infection occurred at 32 °C. Implications of the results on disease management are discussed. Key words: monocyclic processes, Podosphaera aphanis, powdery mildew, strawberry, Sphaerotheca macularis f. sp. fragariae, temperature. L’oïdium du fraisier, causé par Podosphaera aphanis, est une importante contrainte pour la production de fraisiers en serre et sous tunnel. Une meilleure connaissance des effets de l’environnement sur cette maladie est nécessaire pour élaborer des méthodes de gestion efficaces. Comme c’est le cas pour de nombreuses maladies telles que l’oïdium du fraisier, où la notion même de lésion est difficile à appréhender, les progrès pour la gestion de cette maladie ont été lents car les observations liées aux processus monocycliques sont difficiles et laborieuses. Des expérimentations en conditions contrôlées ont été conduites pour mesurer les effets de la température de l’air et de la surface de feuille (abaxiale ou adaxiale) sur les différents processus monocycliques de cette maladie. Le taux de germination sur face inférieure (abaxiale) de feuilles (0.51–0.84) était 10 % à 20 % plus grand que sur la face supérieure (adaxiale). L’efficacité d’infection était 10 fois plus faible sur la face supérieure que sur la face inférieure de feuille. La température influençait fortement tous les processus monocycliques considérés : germination des spores, efficacité d’infection, période de latence, taille des colonies, sporulation. La température optimale était de 22 °C, et aucune infection ne s’est développée à 32 °C. Les implications de ces résultats pour la gestion de cette maladie sont discutées. Mots-clés : fraisier, oïdium, Podosphaera aphanis, Sphaerotheca macularis f. sp. fragariae, processus monocyclique, température.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".