Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alpine cirques are excavated by glacial erosion, a process that depends in turn on the movement of ice by basal sliding. Cirque glacier flow is usually depicted as rotational sliding of a rigid block, but this model is based on little evidence and implies unorthodox glacier behavior given typical cirque dimensions. The small (∼1 km^2^), temperate West Washmawapta Glacier occupies an archetypal overdeepened and "armchair-shaped" cirque in the Canadian Rockies. We measured (1) the annual surface velocity field, (2) ice thickness, (3) sliding and internal deformation at one borehole, and (4) sliding in a marginal cavity. The glacier moves slowly, with surface velocities of 3 to 10 m/yr. The maximum ice thickness (∼185 m) occurs in the center of the cirque basin and roughly coincides with the position of greatest ice flux. Using our field measurements, a standard constitutive relation for ice, and simplifying assumptions related to the depth distribution of strain rates, we approximated the driving and resisting forces acting on sections of the glacier, and inferred the general pattern of basal sliding. Sliding is minimum in the center of the cirque and increases toward the margins, especially up the stoss side of the riegel. Internal deformation accounts for all motion in the cirque center, even if an unusually low viscosity for temperate ice is assumed. Basal shear stresses tend toward 10^5^ Pa everywhere, a typical value for mountain glaciers. Transverse and longitudinal straining are significant in some parts of the glacier. Although a component of rotational flow must occur internally, the glacier does not conform to the rotational sliding model in any essential respect.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it