A review of the effectiveness of current time–temperature regulations on pathogen inactivation during composting
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pathogenic organisms can be present in all types of compost feedstocks. Since the infective dose for many of these organisms is very low, it is generally accepted that pathogens should be reduced to non-detectable levels. According to North American regulatory bodies (United States Environmental Protection Agency and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment), pathogen inactivation is expected to occur if all particles of compost maintain temperatures greater than 55 °C for at least 3 days. A literature review was conducted to examine whether compliance with these time–temperature conditions consistently resulted in production of pathogen-free compost products. Survival of pathogenic bacteria, protozoa, and helminths occurred in a significant number of studies, despite the prescribed time–temperature conditions apparently being met. It was hypothesized that this could either be the result of inadequate time–temperature requirements or of difficulties in ensuring that the time–temperature criteria are met by all compost particles.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it