σSLAM: stereo vision SLAM using the Rao-Blackwellised particle filter and a novel mixture proposal distribution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We consider the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) using the Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (RBPF) for the class of indoor mobile robots equipped only with stereo vision. Our goal is to construct dense metric maps of natural 3D point landmarks for large cyclic environments in the absence of accurate landmark position measurements and motion estimates. Our work differs from other approaches because landmark estimates are derived from stereo vision and motion estimates are based on sparse optical flow. We distinguish between landmarks using the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). This is in contrast to current popular approaches that rely on reliable motion models derived from odometric hardware and accurate landmark measurements obtained with laser sensors. Since our approach depends on a particle filter whose main component is the proposal distribution, we develop and evaluate a novel mixture proposal distribution that allows us to robustly close large loops. We validate our approach experimentally for long camera trajectories processing thousands of images at reasonable frame rates
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".