The role of livestock in the foodborne transmission of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> and <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. to humans.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While person-to-person and waterborne transmission probably account for most human infections with Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp., zoonotic transmission, particularly from livestock, has generated a great deal of interest in recent years. Both G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are highly prevalent in cattle and other livestock, and zoonotic genotypes and species of these parasites have been identified in numerous studies. There is limited evidence, however, supporting the role of livestock as reservoirs for human infection. The association of livestock with the foodborne transmission of these parasites is also poorly recognized. Nevertheless, these animals have been associated with the presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in a variety of foods, as well as with some foodborne outbreaks. The possible role of livestock in the contamination of produce, meats and other foods with G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp., and its public health significance will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".