Recreational activism: politics, nature, and the rise of neoliberalism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper develops an analysis of recreational activism in light of the relationship between outdoor recreation and environmental politics. As part of the rise of green liberalism, it is argued that recreational activism – recreational activities that are backed by a public political campaign – works (often accidentally) to legitimise neoliberalisation in the realm of environmental politics. Drawing from two expressions of recreational activism, a wilderness campaign in Canada and the work of Patagonia™ on environmental issues, this paper illustrates how these initiatives not only pair together a concern for how one acts within wilderness with the political choices outside of wilderness areas, but also reify the market value of environmental protection. The individualised nature of these political expressions, paradoxically, stems from both the counter-culture initiatives of the 1960s and the neoliberal reforms of the past 30 years. As moments of recreational consumption these campaigns promote a conservative economic agenda whose consequences will likely override the progressive political sentiments embodied by these activities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.049 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".