An ultrasonic sound speed sensor for measuring exhaust gas recirculation levels
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been used for years to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. This paper shows that acoustic methods can be used to measure EGR. Theory is presented which shows that measurements of the speed of sound can be used to measure the amount of EGR in the intake manifold. In particular, a new method called the discrete acoustic wave and phase detection (DAWPD) method can be used to measure EGR levels with a fast-response time. Experimental results show that a DAWPD sensor can be used to measure EGR levels with adequate accuracy (± 1.3 per cent EGR) at steady state. Transient measurements were not possible owing to engine limitations. The sensor's performance was limited by the ultrasonic transducers used. It is postulated that sensor performance could be improved with smaller and temperature-independent non-resonant transducers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it