Negative refraction and focusing in hyperbolic transmission-line periodic grids
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a class of anisotropic periodic structures with spatial hyperbolic dispersion characteristics, synthesized by arranging unloaded transmission lines (TLs) in a two-dimensional planar grid. These planar periodic grids support the formation of sharp beams, called resonance cones. Analogous resonance-cone effects are observed in highly anisotropic resonant plasmas. By interfacing transposed versions of these anisotropic periodic grids, negative refraction and focusing of resonance cones can be achieved. Simulation results are presented for ideal TL grids and are verified experimentally using planar microstrip grids. These grids are easy to fabricate at a low cost. Moreover, since the TLs are unloaded and the periodicity is comparable to the wavelength, the structures are scalable from microwave to millimeter-wave frequencies and could be utilized for spatial filtering, multiplexing, and demultiplexing.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it