Low pressure ultraviolet inactivation of pathogenic enteric viruses and bacteriophages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To elucidate the roles of physical and chemical properties of viruses and their sensitivity to UV radiation, the kinetics and extent of inactivation of several waterborne pathogenic viruses and bacteriophages with different virion sizes and genomic composition by monochromatic, low-pressure (LP) UV was determined in phosphate buffered saline or a filtered drinking water. The inactivation rates of the small RNA viruses, poliovirus 1 and Coxsackievirus B4, by LP UV were very rapid and reached ~4 log10 and >5 log10, respectively, within a UV dose of 30 mJ/cm2. In contrast, the inactivation of the small RNA bacteriophage, MS2, was much slower and only 2 log10 inactivation was achieved at a UV dose of 30 mJ/cm2. The inactivation of the large DNA virus, adenovirus 2, was relatively slow and only 2 log10 inactivation was achieved with a UV dose of 60 mJ/cm2. In contrast, the inactivation rates of the three large DNA bacteriophages were very rapid and reached >5 log10 with a UV dose of 10 mJ/cm2. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that inactivation of human enteric viruses and bacteriophages by UV irradiation is not simply predictable by the type and size of the virus or its nucleic acid genome and there is no strong correlation between virion size and genetic composition of enteric viruses and their response to LP UV irradiation. Key words: low pressure ultraviolet (LP UV), poliovirus 1, Coxsackievirus B4, bacteriophage MS2, bacteriophage PRD1, adenovirus 2, UV disinfection.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".