MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W2129701908 · doi:10.1080/13563460802673366

The North American Free Trade Agreement

2009· article· en· W2129701908 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueNew Political Economy · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInternational Development and Aid
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsChinaMultilateralismPoliticsRegionalism (politics)Free tradePolitical scienceInternational relationsForeign policyEconomic historyEconomicsInternational tradeLawDemocracy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes Mana Charen, 'Oooh, the New Politics', Real Clear Politics. com, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/06/oooh_the_new_politics.html (accessed 20 June 2008). TradeStats Express, International Trade Administration, Foreign Trade Division, US Centre Bureau, US Department of Commerce, available from http://tse.export.gov/MapFrameset.aspx?MapPage=NTDMapDisplay.aspx&UniqueURL=pbstck551vkuf2mr2kzw0q55-2008-5-10-17-37-33 (accessed 7 July 2008). Carol Wise, 'Unfulfilled Promise: Economic Convergence under NAFTA', in Isabel Studer & Carol Wise (eds), Requiem or Revival? The Promise of North American Integration (Brookings, 2007), pp. 38–9. Some examples of this genre are: Bill Gertz, The China Threat: How the People's Republic Targets America (Regnery, 2002); Constantine Menges, China: The Gathering Threat (Thomas Nelson, 2005); and Chi Lo, Phantom of the China Economic Threat (Palgrave Macmillan, 2006). For more on this see Morris Goldstein & Nicholas R. Lardy (eds), Debating China's Exchange Rate Policy (Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2008). Maxwell A. Cameron & Brian W. Tomlin, The Making of NAFTA: How the Deal was Done (Cornell University Press, 2000), pp. 61–3. Manuel Pastor & Carol Wise, 'The Origins and Sustainability of Mexico's Free Trade Policy', International Organization, Vol. 48, No. 3 (1994), pp. 459–89. Robert Z. Lawrence, Regionalism, Multilateralism, and Deeper Integration (Brookings, 1996). Irving M. Destler, American Trade Politics, 4th edn (Institute for International Economics, 2005), p. 208. See Gary Clyde Hufbauer & Jeffrey J. Schott, NAFTA Revisited: Achievements and Challenges (Institute for International Economics, 2005), ch. 1. In order to qualify for NAFTA's preferences, goods have to: (1) be produced entirely within the NAFTA bloc; (2) incorporate only those non-NAFTA materials that are sufficiently processed in North America to qualify for a tariff reclassification; and (3) satisfy a minimum-content rule. Parts of this section draw on Carol Wise, 'Introduction: NAFTA, Mexico, and the Western Hemisphere', in Carol Wise (ed.), The Post-NAFTA Political Economy: Mexico and the Western Hemisphere (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998), pp. 1–37. Roberto Bouzas & Jaime Ros, 'The North–South Variety of Economic Integration', in Roberto Bouzas & Jaime Ros (eds), Economic Integration in the Western Hemisphere (University of Notre Dame Press, 1994), pp. 7–12. Maxwell Cameron & Carol Wise, 'The Political Impact of NAFTA on Mexico: Reflections on the Political Economy of Democratization', Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 37, No. 2 (2004), pp. 301–23. Destler, American Trade Politics, pp. 11–2. Jagdish Bhagwati, Termites in the Trading System (Oxford University Press, 2008). Hufbauer & Schott, NAFTA Revisited, chs 2 & 3. Formerly known as the 'fast-track' legislation, Trade Promotion Authority (or TPA) is granted to the executive by the congress. Once a trade agreement is negotiated with a foreign partner, the executive sends it to congress for an 'up or down' vote, i.e. legislators are not given the opportunity to further amend or modify the bill. Parts of this section borrow from Carol Wise, 'The US Competitive Liberalization Strategy: Canada's Policy Options', in Jean Daudelin & Daniel Schwanen (eds), Canada among Nations 2007: What Room for Maneuver? (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2008), pp. 225–47, and Wise, 'Unfulfilled Promise'. Robert Pastor, 'The Future of North America', Foreign Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 4 (2008), p. 85. Bouzas & Ros, 'The North–South Variety', pp. 7–12. Kerry Chase, 'Economic Arrangements and Regional Trading Arrangements,' International Organization, Vol. 57, No. 1 (2003), p. 141. See, for example, Jeffrey Sachs & Andrew Warner, Economic Convergence and Economic Policies, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 5039, 1995. Paul Mosley, 'Globalisation, Economic Policy, and Convergence', World Economy, Vol. 23, No. 5 (2000), pp. 613–34, and Robert Wade, 'Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality?' World Development, Vol. 32, No. 4 (April 2004), pp. 567–89. Chase, 'Economic Arrangements'. On Mexico, see Daniel Lederman, William F. Mahoney & Luis Servén, Lessons from NAFTA (World Bank and Stanford University Press, 2005), ch. 6; on Canada, see Roger Martin's January 2005 presentation at the World Economic Forum, available at: http://www.competeprosper.ca/images/uploads/davos5.pdf (accessed 22 July 2007). José Ignacio Martínez Cortes & Omar Neme Castillo, 'La ventaja comparativa de China y México en el mercado estadounidense', Comercio Exterior, Vol. 54, No. 6 (2004), pp. 516–28. Peter Howitt, 'Innovation, Competition, and Growth: A Schumpeterian Perspective on Canada's Economy', Commentary, No. 244, C. D. Howe Institute, Toronto, (April 2007). Isabel Studer, 'Obstacles to Integration: NAFTA's Institutional Weakness', in Studer & Wise (eds), Requiem or Revival?, pp. 53–75. Pastor, 'The Future of North America', p. 87. See Stephen Clarkson, 'Maneuvering within the Continental Constitution: Autonomy and Capacity within the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America', in Jean Daudelin & Daniel Schwanen (eds), Canada among Nations 2007, pp. 248–67. Pastor, 'The Future of North America', p. 87. Elaine Stables, 'Border Fence Construction Not Moving Fast Enough for Rep Hunter', The New York Times, 11 July 2007. Nicola Phillips, Consequences of an Emerging China: Is Development Space Disappearing for Latin America and the Caribbean?, Centre for International Governance Innovation Working Paper No. 14, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, January 2007; Javier Santiso (ed.), The Visible Hand of China in Latin America (OECD, 2007); and Carol Wise & Cintia Quiliconi, 'China's Surge in Latin American Markets: Policy Challenges and Responses', Politics and Policy, Vol. 35, No. 3 (2007), pp. 410–38. R. Evan Ellis, China and Latin America (Lynne Rienner, 2009), ch. 6. 'Nafta-Plus', The Wall Street Journal, 20 October 2008, p. A18. World Bank, Doing Business in Mexico in 2009 (Oxford University Press and World Bank, 2009). Lederman et al., Lessons from NAFTA, p. 2.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.973
Threshold uncertainty score0.230

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.284
Teacher spread0.268 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it