Pain management following discharge after ambulatory same-day surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM AND BACKGROUND: Same-day surgeries are becoming routine for many surgical procedures. However, the degree to which patients need help with pain management at home following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), shoulder, or hand ambulatory day surgery has received minimal examination. This study examined pain and related interference, analgesic use and adverse events, complications and resources utilized, and adequacy of postdischarge information at four time periods. METHODS: Data were collected from 180 patients by telephone interviews at 24, 48 and 72 hours, and 7 days after discharge. Patients (n = 78 hand, 48 shoulder, 54 LC surgery) were on average 41 years old. RESULTS: For all patients, worst 24-hour pain was reported as moderate to severe at all time periods. Using repeated measures anova demonstrated that shoulder patients had significantly more pain and overall pain-related interference, particularly in sleep and work, from 24 hours to day 7 than did hand or LC patients. The main analgesic taken was acetaminophen (paracetamol) with codeine 30 mg; 50% took no analgesia from 72 hours. About 20% experienced analgesic adverse events within 72 hours, mainly constipation and nausea. Only </=6% used non-pharmacological strategies. Bleeding (4%) and sore throat (11%) at 24-48 hours were identified as complications; six patients (4%) called their physician. Most patients received no information about analgesic use with inadequate pain relief and/or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the considerable pain reported across all time periods, analgesic use and other interventions were minimal. Adverse events, which were problematic for some, may explain why patients stopped analgesics despite pain. These data support further research on more effective pain interventions and related education for day-surgery patients after discharge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".