Coupled fluid flow and sediment deformation in margin‐scale salt‐tectonic systems: 1. Development and application of simple, single‐lithology models
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A methodology is presented to model coupled fluid flow and deformation in rifted continental margin composite salt and siliciclastic tectonic systems; and we investigate their compaction and overpressuring behavior associated with continental margin‐scale gravitational spreading. Compaction‐driven Darcy fluid flow in clastic sediments is coupled through the effective pressure to their frictional‐plastic yielding and mechanical deformation. Viscous flow of underlying salt is independent of fluid pressure. Numerical models are adapted to the Oligo‐Miocene phase of large‐scale gravitational failure in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, and represent the first study of this system that includes dynamically evolving fluid pressure. Here we present the methodology and prototype models with single uniform sediment lithologies and simple parameterizations of their properties. The models serve to illustrate the interactions among compaction, generation of fluid overpressure, and gravitational failure and spreading. Mechanical and viscous compaction behavior of sandstone‐type and shale‐type sediments are investigated. Results demonstrate that mechanical compaction can generate moderate overpressure in thick shale‐type material, whereas high overpressure requires viscous compaction. In sandstone‐type material, only viscous compaction can generate significant overpressure, though this requires tens of millions of years. Changes in the stress regime during gravitational‐driven deformation enhance compaction and overpressure. Although illustrative of the methodology and basic processes, none of the prototype single‐lithology models satisfactorily reproduces Oligo‐Miocene fluid pressure and deformational regimes of the Gulf of Mexico. Numerical models of layered sediments together with an improved formulation of viscous compaction, presented in part 2 of this set of companion papers, are more successful.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".