High-order soliton breakup and soliton self-frequency shifts in a microstructured optical fiber
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultrashort pulse propagation in a polarization-maintaining microstructured fiber (with 1 μm core diameter and 1.1 m length) is investigated experimentally and theoretically. For an 80 MHz train of 130 fs pulses with average powers up to 13.8 mW launched into the lowest transverse mode of the fiber, the output spectra consist of discrete, multiple solitons that shift continuously to lower energies. The number of solitons and the amount that they shift both increase with the launched power. All of the data are quantitatively consistent with solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, but only when the Raman nonlinearity is treated without approximation, and self-steepening is included. These results remove any ambiguity as to the nature of these multiple solitons; they arise owing to the breakup of high-order solitons in the presence of nonlinear processes beyond self-phase modulation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it