Seismotectonics of the Explorer region
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: ObservationalConsensus signal: none
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.660
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 1.000
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.207 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
The Explorer region offshore western Canada is a tectonically complex area surrounded by the Pacific, North America, and Juan de Fuca plates. Existing tectonic models for the region differ fundamentally. Proposed plate configurations range from multiple independent plate fragments to an Explorer plate now fused to North America along the continental margin and cut by Pacific–North America transform faults in the west. We present new seismological data constraining the region's current tectonics. We use three‐component regional waveforms to determine the source parameters of 84 earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4. Combined with 34 Harvard centroid moment tensor solutions, they represent the region's largest earthquake source parameter data set obtained by robust waveform modeling techniques. In addition, we perform joint epicenter determination to relocate larger earthquakes recorded since 1918. The source parameters and improved locations provide a consistent tectonic picture. Earthquake slip vector azimuths along the Pacific plate boundary change smoothly and are significantly less northerly oriented than the Pacific‐North America plate motion direction, requiring an independent Explorer plate. The present‐day Pacific‐Explorer boundary is formed by transform faults subparallel to the Revere‐Dellwood‐Wilson fault. Plate motion vectors indicate that the Winona block is part of the Explorer plate. Current Explorer motion is more northerly than indicated by magnetic anomalies prior to 2 Ma, implying a recent change, possibly coinciding with a northwestward ridge jump near Explorer plate's northern end transferring the Winona block from the Pacific to the Explorer plate. In response to these plate motion changes the region north of the western Sovanco fracture zone was assimilated into the Pacific plate. The region around the eastern Sovanco fracture zone, characterized by broadly distributed seismicity, is composed of well‐defined sets of conjugate faults bounding rotating crustal blocks. Earthquake fault strikes agree with the dominant northwest‐southeast fault sets; however, the conjugate sets must be also active to fully accommodate present‐day Explorer plate motion. The SW portion of the strike‐slip Nootka fault zone, the Explorer‐Juan de Fuca plate boundary, is well defined by focused seismicity; however, its full extent under Nootka Island remains unresolved. The Explorer–North America boundary shows sporadic low‐magnitude seismicity. Our Explorer–North America rotation pole predicts convergence varying from negligible at the boundary's northwest end to ∼2 cm/yr at the SE end. This convergence can be accommodated either by subduction or by crustal thickening extending to the North American continent. We favor subduction based on low deformation rates observed by onshore GPS sites. The present Explorer plate system configuration is a result of stepwise reorientation of the Explorer ridge system, each step successively reducing the subduction rate relative to North America.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
- Topic
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Field
- Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Canadian institutions
- not available
- Funders
- not available
- Keywords
- GeologyPlate tectonicsSeismologyPacific PlateTransform faultNorth American PlateConvergent boundaryEpicenterTectonicsSeismotectonicsSeafloor spreadingGeodesySubductionGeophysicsOceanic crust
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes