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Record W2136383136 · doi:10.1016/s0968-8080(11)38597-7

Sexual and reproductive health and rights in Latin America: an analysis of trends, commitments and achievements

2011· article· en· W2136383136 on OpenAlexafffund
Emma Richardson, Anne‐Emanuelle Birn

Bibliographic record

VenueReproductive Health Matters · 2011
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicGlobal Maternal and Child Health
Canadian institutionsPublic Health OntarioUniversity of Toronto
FundersCanadian Institutes of Health Research
KeywordsReproductive rightsReproductive healthLatin AmericansEconomic growthPopulationCivil societySexual and reproductive health and rightsHuman rightsSocioeconomic statusContext (archaeology)Political scienceDevelopment economicsPoliticsSociologyGeographyEconomicsLawDemography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in 1994 defined strategies and goals for advancing reproductive health and rights that are still far from being reached in Latin America. This paper will use elements of a framework developed by Gruskin et alCitation1 that analyses the interconnected factors affecting the sexual and reproductive health of people living with HIV. We use and adapt some of these elements to examine the extent to which sexual and reproductive rights have been realized in Latin America since 1994. Specifically, we consider the rights, needs and aspirations of people; the socioeconomic context; national and international law and policy; health systems, services and programmes; the opposition; the perceived high costs of political support; the role of civil society, NGO networks and coalitions; and development aid, donor policy and government funding. There are a growing number of progressive regional and national bodies, organizations, groups and individuals with a commitment to sexual and reproductive health and rights in the region, and many gains have been made in the realization of these rights. However, these gains are only partial, given the acute inequality across ethnic, socioeconomic and geographic lines, and there is evidence of widening gaps. Given the breadth of the subject and the number of countries involved, this paper can cite only a few of the enormous number of examples from the literature. We hope the paper will stimulate further in-depth, critical reviews of these issues at the country and regional level.RésuméEn 1994, le Programme d'action de la Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement a défini des stratégies et des objectifs pour faire progresser la santé et les droits génésiques que l'Amérique latine est encore loin d'avoir réalisés. Cet article emprunte des éléments d'un cadre élaboré par Gruskin et al Citation1 qui analyse les facteurs interdépendants qui touchent la santé génésique des personnes vivant avec le VIH. Nous utilisons et adaptons certains de ces éléments pour déterminer dans quelle mesure l'Amérique latine a réalisé les droits génésiques depuis 1994. Concrètement, nous examinons les droits, les besoins et les aspirations des individus ; le contexte socioéconomique ; les législations et politiques nationales et internationales ; les systèmes, services et programmes de santé ; l'opposition ; les coûts élevés du soutien politique tels qu'ils sont perçus ; le rôle de la société civile, des réseaux d'ONG et des coalitions ; et l'aide au développement, les politiques des donateurs et le financement gouvernemental. Un nombrecroissant d’organismes nationaux et régionaux,d’organisations, de groupes et d’individusprogressistes sont engagés en faveur de la santéet des droits génésiques dans la région, etbeaucoup de progrès ont été accomplis dans laréalisation de ces droits. Néanmoins, les progrèsne sont que partiels, étant donné les profondesinégalités entre les différents groupes ethniques,socio-économiques et géographiques, et il estmanifeste que les écarts se creusent. Compte tenu de l'ampleur du sujet et du nombre de pays concernés, nous ne pouvons citer que quelques-uns des multiples exemples tirés des publications. Nous espérons que l'article encouragera la réalisation de nouvelles études approfondies et critiques de ces questions au niveau régional et national.ResumenEl Programa de Acción de la Conferencia Internacional sobre la Población y el Desarrollo, celebrada en 1994, definió estrategias y metas para promover la salud y los derechos reproductivos, que aún falta mucho por alcanzar en Latinoamérica. En este artículo se utilizan elementos de un marco creado por Gruskin et alCitation1, el cual analiza los factores interconectados que afectan la salud sexual y reproductiva de las personas que viven con VIH. Utilizamos y adaptamos algunos de estos elementos para examinar hasta qué punto se han realizado los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en Latinoamérica desde 1994. Específicamente, consideramos los derechos, las necesidades y las aspiraciones de las personas; el contexto socioeconómico; las leyes y políticas nacionales e internacionales; los sistemas, servicios y programas de salud; la oposición; los percibidos altos costos del apoyo político; la función de la sociedad civil, redes de ONG y coaliciones; y la ayuda financiera para el desarrollo, políticas de donantes y fondos gubernamentales. Existe un creciente número deorganismos, organizaciones, grupos y personasprogresistas, tanto a nivel regional comonacional,con un compromiso a la salud y los derechossexuales y reproductivos en la región, y se hanlogrado muchas ganancias en la realización deestos derechos. Sin embargo, estas gananciasson solo parciales, dada la aguda desigualdadentre diversos grupos étnicos, socioeconómicos ygeográficos, y hay evidencia de que las diferenciasse están acentuando. Debido a la amplitud del tema y al número de países implicados, en este artículo podemos citar sólo unos pocos del gran número de ejemplos de la literatura. Esperamos estimular más revisión crítica a fondo de estos asuntos a nivel nacional y regional.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.040
Threshold uncertainty score0.080

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0050.013
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0030.003
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.044
GPT teacher head0.334
Teacher spread0.290 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations19
Published2011
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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