Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus<i>Lecanicillium</i>(Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) to<i>Pissodes strobi</i>(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The widely occurring fungal genusLecanicilliumZare & W. Gams (formerlyVerticillium) includes species that are pathogenic to insects. We collected 27Lecanicilliumisolates from soil and from dead adultPissodes strobi(Peck) in British Columbia, Canada, and assessed their virulence against this host. Eighteen isolates were identified asL. longisporum(Petch) Zare & W. Gams and six asL. muscarium(Petch) Zare & W. Gams, while three isolates could not be identified to the species level. We assayed a subset of these isolates (14L. longisporum, 3L. muscarium, and 1Lecanicilliumsp.) as well as the fungal component of the commercial products Mycotal® (L. muscarium) and Vertalec® (L. longisporum) and a herbarium isolate (Lecanicilliumsp.). When adult weevils were inoculated with a conidial suspension (1 × 107conidia/mL), mycosis-related mortality at the end of a 17-day incubation period varied between 20% and 100%, depending on the isolate tested. Eight of the isolates killed >75% of weevils: aLecanicilliumsp. isolate, PFC19, which displayed the lowest LT50value; five indigenousL. longisporumisolates; and both commercial products. In a goodness-of-fit test comparing isolate virulence among species, the unidentified PFC19 isolate was found to be more effective than eitherL. longisporumorL. muscarium, whileL. longisporumcaused somewhat greater mortality thanL. muscarium. In a similar analysis, isolates extracted from soils tended to be more effective than those obtained from cadavers. Horizontal transmission to liveP. strobiwas observed using different isolates ofLecanicilliumspecies. Notwithstanding the variability in virulence, the indigenousLecanicilliumspecies that we isolated and assayed are confirmed as pathogenic toP. strobiin British Columbia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".