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Interventions Shown to Aid Executive Function Development in Children 4 to 12 Years Old

2011· review· en· 2,846 citations· W2136739068 on OpenAlex· 10.1126/science.1204529

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Abstract

To be successful takes creativity, flexibility, self-control, and discipline. Central to all those are executive functions, including mentally playing with ideas, giving a considered rather than an impulsive response, and staying focused. Diverse activities have been shown to improve children's executive functions: computerized training, noncomputerized games, aerobics, martial arts, yoga, mindfulness, and school curricula. All successful programs involve repeated practice and progressively increase the challenge to executive functions. Children with worse executive functions benefit most from these activities; thus, early executive-function training may avert widening achievement gaps later. To improve executive functions, focusing narrowly on them may not be as effective as also addressing emotional and social development (as do curricula that improve executive functions) and physical development (shown by positive effects of aerobics, martial arts, and yoga).

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The record

Venue
Science
Topic
Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Field
Psychology
Canadian institutions
BC Children's Hospital
Funders
National Institute on Drug AbuseNational Institute of Mental Health
Keywords
Executive functionsMindfulnessCognitive flexibilityCreativityPsychologyFlexibility (engineering)Psychological interventionMartial artsFunction (biology)CurriculumDevelopmental psychologyCognitionPedagogySocial psychologyManagementClinical psychology
Has abstract in OpenAlex
yes