Waste Streams of Mined Oil Sands: Characteristics and Remediation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| December 01, 2011 Waste Streams of Mined Oil Sands: Characteristics and Remediation Kim L. Kasperski; Kim L. Kasperski 1Natural Resources Canada, Canmet ENERGY – Devon 1 Oil Patch Drive, Devon, AB T9G 1A8, CanadaE-mail: Kim.Kasperski@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Randy J. Mikula Randy J. Mikula 2Kalium Research12513, 39 avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T6J 0N1, CanadaE-mail: Randy.Mikula@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Elements (2011) 7 (6): 387–392. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.7.6.387 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Kim L. Kasperski, Randy J. Mikula; Waste Streams of Mined Oil Sands: Characteristics and Remediation. Elements 2011;; 7 (6): 387–392. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.7.6.387 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyElements Search Advanced Search Abstract The bitumen found in the oil sands of northern Alberta, Canada, represents a significant oil resource. This bitumen is extracted either from mined ore or by using in situ methods. The water-based extraction of mined ore creates large volumes of mineral suspensions that are stored in tailings ponds. Remediation of fine tailings has presented challenges. Several new treatment technologies promise to accelerate the remediation process and at the same time recover more water for use in the extraction process. As a world-class oil reserve, and the only commercially developed oil sand deposit, the Alberta oil sands represent an important future oil source, the magnitude of which will depend to some extent on our ability to limit environmental impacts. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".