Medium voltage adjustable speed drives-users' and manufacturers' experiences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Energy management and efficient use of electricity are being promoted by most utilities in Canada and the USA. In some cases, cash incentives are being offered towards conducting feasibility studies and project implementation when the energy paybacks are attractive. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study completed in July 1995 for a large Canadian utility, covering users' and manufacturers' experiences with medium voltage adjustable speed drives (ASDs) for induction motors. 30 out of 40 users, primarily from the petrochemical industry in the USA and Canada, participated in completing a detailed questionnaire and reported on 66 medium voltage drives ranging from 800-10000 HP. Information was gathered on the performance and reliability of the total drive system, including the motor, drive, driven equipment, isolation transformer, line filters and selection criteria. Also, four manufacturers of medium voltage drives provided pertinent information on their ASD system, technology, features, customer requirements and future trends. This paper presents the analysis of the data gathered from both the users and the manufacturers. Based on the study findings, suggestions and recommendations are made to ASD manufacturers, users and utilities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".