Water Loss Versus Soaking Time: Spontaneous Imbibition in Tight Rocks
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The combined application of multilateral horizontal drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing has successfully unlocked unconventional tight hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, the field data show that only a small fraction of the injected water during hydraulic fracturing treatments is recovered during flowback operations. The fate of nonrecovered water and its impact on hydrocarbon production are poorly understood. This paper aims at understanding the relationship between water loss and rock petrophysical properties. It also investigates the correlation between water loss and soaking time (well shut‐in time). Extensive spontaneous imbibition experiments are conducted on downhole samples from the shale members of the Horn River Basin and from the Montney tight gas formation. These samples are characterized by measuring porosity, mineralogy and TOC. Further, a simple methodology is used to scale up the laboratory data for predicting water imbibition volume during the shut‐in period after hydraulic fracturing operations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it