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Record W2142246053 · doi:10.5787/19-2-381

ENGLISH ... WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?

2012· article· en· W2142246053 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueScientia Militaria South African Journal of Military Studies · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicLexicography and Language Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsVariety (cybernetics)LinguisticsForeign languageVarieties of EnglishFirst languageHistoryGlobePsychologyComputer scienceArtificial intelligencePhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

English and Other Languages Jespersen (1948) ascribes the tremendous variety of the English language to the freedom a writer was given in England to "... take his words where he chooses, whether from the ordinary stock of everyday words, from native dialects, from old authors, or from other languages, dead or living. The consequence has been that English dictionaries comprise a larger number of words than those of any other nation, and that they present a variegated picture of terms from the four quarters of the globe." (Jespersen, 1948: 15). The foreign words and phrases so abundantly present in English have immeasurably enriched the language. English not only easily incorporates foreign words but also assimilates syntactical elements from other languages. This feature of English is the very reason for its rapid evolvement into a world language. The English literatures of Canada, Australia, South Africa, the United States of America, New Zealand and other English-speaking countries have all succeeded in describing situations, backgrounds and personalities typical for their territories and often better than any other language could have done. In fact, English has become so integrated in certain countries that one describes the particular local brand of English as "South African English usage", "Australian English", "American English", etc. In South Africa, for example, it would be quite normal to find words from Afrikaans incorporated in an English text, the reader turning a blind eye to these: "If you'll wear your nagmaal jacket next time ... I'll be glad to show you all over my farm where I'm not going to plant potatoes ... That is, among the haak-en-steek thorns." (Bosman, 1971).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.617
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.028
GPT teacher head0.238
Teacher spread0.211 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it