Effects of water on the curing and properties of epoxy adhesive used for bonding FRP composite sheet to concrete
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract When a concrete surface is contaminated by water due to rain, saline water, ground water, and water jetty treatment, water, alkalis, and other contaminants on the concrete surface may interact with an epoxy adhesive used for bonding fiber‐reinforced polymer composite sheets to concrete. This can influence both the curing rate and the degree of cure of the curing reaction. This in turn can affect the time required for field application. It can also influence the mechanical properties and durability of epoxy adhesives. In this paper, water effects on the curing and properties of two kinds of commercial adhesives were evaluated. Curing kinetics were studied using isothermal DSC analysis. Results showed that water accelerated the curing reaction. However, excess water offsets part of the accelerating effect. While water is typically considered to be harmful to properties of adhesives, it was seen that a small amount (less than 2%) of water improved degree of cure, mechanical properties, and durability of adhesives. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2261–2268, 2004
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".