Topology Reconfiguration Mechanism for Traffic Engineering in WDM Optical Network
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks provide an excellent transmission medium for voice and data traffic, streaming media, and high performance and grid computing needs. Rearrangeability is one compelling characteristic of WDM optical networks that allows network operators to rearrange the networks in response to changing traffic demands and element failures to provide improved network performance. Under changing traffic flows and abhorrent network conditions reconfiguration is an ongoing process. Available approaches are not able to handle extreme load conditions, traffic bursts, and element failures and, so far, these approaches cover only limited aspects of the problem of automated reconfiguration. In this work we present an adaptive reconfiguration mechanism for WDM optical networks (ARWON). Two heuristically based algorithms, combination algorithm (CA) and multi lightpath change (MLPC) algorithm, are also proposed to support implementation of ARWON. Simulation experiments covered all ranges of traffic flows and element failure scenario and performance of ARWON was validated with an established contemporary reconfiguration algorithm. Results show that under all loading conditions and link failure scenario ARWON performed better than the comparison algorithm. Under extreme loading conditions ARWON incurred 11 times less traffic loss than single lightpath change (SLPC) algorithm and on average SLPC was carrying 20 more lightpaths than ARWON, per observation cycle, that were 100 percent loaded. Under link failure scenario ARWON recovered faster and rerouted the traffic in one step, whereas SLPC recovered slowly and recovery took much longer duration than ARWON. For other loading conditions, ranging from low to high loading, it was observed that during early stages of simulation ARWON performs at par or marginally better than SLPC. Performance of ARWON steadily improves as simulation progresses over longer duration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".