Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conspicuous asymmetries in forms that are polymorphic within a species can be genetically or environmentally determined. Here, we present a genetic analysis of the inheritance of dimorphic enantiostyly, a sexual polymorphism in which all flowers on a plant have styles that are consistently deflected either to the left or the right side of the floral axis. Using Heteranthera multiflora (Pontederiaceae), a short-lived herb, we conducted crosses within and between left- and right-styled plants and scored progeny ratios of the style morphs in F(1), F(2) and F(3) generations. Crosses conducted in the parental generation between morphs or right-styled plants resulted in right-styled progeny, whereas crosses between left-styled plants resulted in left-styled progeny. When putative heterozygous F(1) plants were selfed, the resulting F(2) segregation ratios were not significantly different from a 3 : 1 ratio for right- and left-styled plants. Crosses between left- and right-styled plants in the F(2) generation yielded F(3) progeny with either a 1 : 1 ratio of left- and right-styled plants or right-styled progeny. Our results are consistent with a model in which a single Mendelian locus with two alleles, with the right-styled allele (R) dominant to the left-styled allele (r), governs stylar deflection. The simple inheritance of dimorphic enantiostyly has implications for the evolution and maintenance of this unusual sexual polymorphism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".